ElasticSearch深入搜索
约 677 字
预计阅读 2 分钟
基于词项和基于全文搜索
基于 Term 的查询
-
Term 的重要性
- Term 是表达语意的最小单位
- 搜索和利用统计语言模型进行自然语言处理都需要处理 Term
-
特点
- Term Level Query:Term Query/Range Query/Exists Query/Prefix Query/Wildcard Query
- Term 查询对输入不做分词(会将输入作为一个整体,在倒排索引中查找准确的词项,并且使用相关度算分公式为每个包含该词项的文档进行相关度算分)
- 可以通过 Constant Score 将查询转换成一个 Filtering,避免算分,并利用缓存,提高性能
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DELETE products
PUT products
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 1
}
}
POST /products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 }}
{ "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3","desc":"iPhone" }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 }}
{ "productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5","desc":"iPad" }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 }}
{ "productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7","desc":"MBP" }
GET /products
POST /products/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"desc": {
//"value": "iPhone"
"value":"iphone"
}
}
}
}
POST /products/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"desc.keyword": {
//"value": "iPhone"
//"value":"iphone"
}
}
}
}
POST /products/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"productID": {
"value": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
}
}
}
}
POST /products/_search
{
//"explain": true,
"query": {
"term": {
"productID.keyword": {
"value": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
}
}
}
}
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复合查询(Constant Score 转为 Filter)
- 将 Query 转成 Filter,忽略 TF-IDF 计算,避免相关性算分的开销
- Filter 可以有效利用缓存
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POST /products/_search
{
"explain": true,
"query": {
"constant_score": {
"filter": {
"term": {
"productID.keyword": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
}
}
}
}
}
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基于全文的查询
- 基于全文本的查找
- Match Query/Match Phrase Query/Query String Query
- 特点
- 索引和搜索时都会进行分词,查询字符串先传递到一个合适的分词器,然后生成一个供查询的词项列表
- 查询时候,先会对输入的查询进行分词,然后每个词项逐个进行底层的查询,最终将结果进行合并。并为每一个文档生成一个算分。
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#设置 position_increment_gap
DELETE groups
PUT groups
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"names":{
"type": "text",
"position_increment_gap": 0
}
}
}
}
GET groups/_mapping
POST groups/_doc
{
"names": [ "John Water", "Water Smith"]
}
POST groups/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"names": {
"query": "Water Water",
"slop": 100
}
}
}
}
POST groups/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"names": "Water Smith"
}
}
}
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